Annex: Lead candidates for the various political groups in the European Parliament (2024)

CIDOB Monographs -88- 2024
P.65. ISBN:978-84-18977-22-0

In 2024, the lead candidate (spitzenkandidaten) system is at something of a low point. What began as a mechanism to increase citizen identification with European politics and reinforce the democratic nature of the process has now become a target of criticism from the Eurosceptic parties, who decline to take part and nominate a candidate.